Sesame seeds are small, flat, and ovate, with four longitudinal ridges at the edges of their flat faces. They are usually 3–4 mm long, 2 mm wide, and 1 mm thick, and weigh about 0.203 grams for every 100 seeds. The seed coat (testa) can be smooth or ribbed, and the seeds can be yellowish white, brown, gray, or black in color. Lighter colored seeds are considered to be higher quality.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), of the Pedaliaceae family, is one of the first oil crops used in humans. It is widely grown and has a mellow flavor and high nutritional value, making it very popular in the diet. Sesame seeds are rich in protein and lipids and have many health benefits.